Orders, Decorations and Medals

Three: Gunner A. E. Turner, 7/4th Maritime A.A. Regiment, Royal Artillery, who lost his life on the occasion the Cunard White Star liner Laconia was torpedoed and sunk in shark-infested waters off West Africa in September 1942, with 1800 Italian P.O.Ws aboard: on learning of this, the U-Boat commander commenced rescue operations, but his admirable endeavours, and those of other U-Boats that joined the scene, were quickly curtailed by an unfortunate attack delivered by Allied aircraft - and the transmittal of Doenitz’s notorious “Laconia Order”

1939-45 Star; Atlantic Star; War Medal 1939-45, in their original card forwarding box addressed to the recipient’s widow, together with Army Council condolence slip in the name of ‘Gnr. A. E. Turner’, extremely fine (3) £150-200

Also sold with original Army Records Office communication informing the recipient’s wife that he had been posted ‘missing’, dated 17 October 1942, and a related Notification of Death certificate, dated 8 March 1946.

Homeward bound from the Cape in September 1942, with some 2700 people aboard, among them 1800 Italian P.O.Ws under a 160-strong Polish guard, the Laconia was torpedoed by the U-156, commanded by Kapitain Werner Hartenstein, on the 12th, in a position about 500 miles south of Cape Palmas, Liberia. Shortly after the liner capsized, the crew of the now surfaced U-Boat were amazed to hear Italian voices yelling amongst the survivors struggling in the water, and on speaking to some of them, Werner Hartenstein immediately began rescue operations, alerting at the same time nearby U-Boats to come to his assistance.

Also by radio he contacted his seniors in Germany, asking for instructions and, more courageously, sent out an un-coded message inviting any nearby ships to assist, allied or otherwise, promising not to attack them on the basis his U-Boat, too, was left unmolested. And amazingly, to begin with at least, Berlin replied in the affirmative, although Hitler personally intervened to threaten Admiral Raeder in the event of any U-Boats being lost to enemy action as a result of the rescue operation. Over the next few days, Hartenstein’s ‘rescue package’ achieved commendable results, and by 16 September, U-156 had picked up around 400 survivors, half of which she towed astern in lifeboats, while other enemy U-Boats, the U-506 and the U-507, and the Italian Cappellini, had arrived on the scene and acted with similar compassion.

Tragically, on 16 September, an American Liberator bomber, operating out of Ascension Island, attacked the gathered U-Boats, forcing Hartenstein and his fellow captains to cut their tows with the lifeboats and submerge. Mercifully, some neutral (Vichy) French warships arrived on the scene soon afterwards from Dakar, and in total, including those still aboard the U-Boats, some several hundred men, women and children were saved. But two lifeboats remained undiscovered, their occupants having to endure a living nightmare, adrift without adequate sustenance, under a burning sun, with sharks for company, for several weeks.

Following his enforced departure from the scene of rescue on 16 September, Kapitain Hartenstein remained in contact with Berlin, in a vain attempt to complete his worthy task. In the event, he, and his fellow U-Boat commanders, received Doenitz’s famous “Laconia Order”, a diktat that mercilessly rewrote the conduct of sea warfare (and became one of the charges levelled at the Grand Admiral at Nuremberg).

Albert Edward Turner was 27 years of age and the husband of Gertude Mary Turner of Whitley Bay, Northumberland; he had no known grave and his name is commemorated on the Plymouth Naval Memorial.