Orders, Decorations, Medals and Militaria

A good ‘Korea - Happy Valley’ M.M. group of seven awarded to Sergeant H. A. ‘Harry’ Campbell, Royal Ulster Rifles, late Royal Armoured Corps and 22 S.A.S. Regiment, who distinguished himself during a desperate rearguard night action, 3/4 January 1951, by ‘personally stalking two Light Machine-Gun positions which were blocking the escape and [he] put them out of action with hand grenades.’

Military Medal, G.VI.R, 2nd issue (22243358 A/Sjt. H. A. Campbell. R.U.R.); General Service 1918-62, 2 clasps, Palestine, Malaya, G.VI.R. (408751 Tpr. H. A. Campbell R.A.C.); 1939-45 Star; Defence and War Medals 1939-45; Korea 1950-53, 1st issue (22243358 Rfn. H. A. Campbell. M.M. R.U.R.) with official corrections; U.N. Korea 1950-54, mounted for wear, light contact marks overall, generally very fine or better (7) £3,000-£4,000

M.M. London Gazette 17 April 1951:

‘During the night of 3-4 January 1951, at Chaegunghyon, Korea, Sergeant Campbell was with the rearguard company of his Battalion when it withdrew through a defile from defensive positions. The force was ambushed at close range in a river bed and in the confusion of the attack men and vehicles were scattered. Sergeant Campbell displayed great coolness and leadership, organising and controlling his men throughout the action.

He personally stalked two Light Machine-Gun positions which were blocking the escape and put them out of action with hand grenades.

He later gathered together a party of men, and led them to break out of the ambush. His coolness and courage throughout this action which took place at night, at close quarters and in considerable confusion, undoubtedly contributed to the escape of a large part of the trapped force.’

Henry Adams Campbell was born in Barrow-in-Furness, in February 1918. He enlisted in the 5th Inniskilling Dragoon Guards in October 1935, and served in Palestine, October 1938 - December 1939. Campbell transferred to the Royal Armoured Corps in April 1939, and served in France, 17 February - 2 June 1940. He served at Home for the remainder of the war, and was discharged in 1946.

Campbell re-engaged for service with the Royal Ulster Rifles in November 1948. He was serving with the 1st Battalion, at the time of the above cited deeds in ‘Happy Valley’, north of Seoul, Korea, 3-4 January 1951. The Battalion had fought its first action against the Chinese on the previous day, but it was compelled to join a general retreat south of Han on the 3rd, the Ulsters’ C.O. having been informed by his neighbouring American counterpart: “Colonel, we are buggered.”

Thus ensued a chaotic night action in the vicinity of Chaegunghyon, best summarised by one of Campbell’s comrades as ‘a proper shambles, a right cock-up’, an action in which the Chinese used mortars, machine-guns and the bayonet to good effect - initial casualty returns for the 1st Ulsters listed a total of 208 officers killed, wounded and missing, a figure later revised to 157 men once assorted stragglers made it back.

An excellent feature, Slaughter in Happy Valley, by Andrew Salmon, appeared in the Belfast Telegraph, 4 January 2009, marking the occasion of the unveiling of a memorial at Belfast City Hall, from which the following extract is taken:

‘Their flank exposed, the R.U.R. retreat led down a valley overlooked by enemy, what the regimental history calls ‘a death trap.’

It was a frozen, moonless night and columns of soldiers, with vehicles in the centre, moved stealthily down the steel-hard track. The Cromwells squeaked along at the rear, slipping and sliding.

Captain Charley, leading with ‘B’ Company, met with American trucks at the valley mouth. All was going to plan. Suddenly, fireworks burst overhead: U.S. aircraft dropped flares. The column was bathed in eerie white light. Men swore under their breaths. Officers hissed into radios, trying unsuccessfully, to halt the flaring.

The enemy could not fail to spot the retreat. Mortars rocked the valley as streaking tracers raked the column. Then came hundreds of shadowy Chinese pelting down into the valley to seize a village on the southern track, blocking the route.

Lance-Corporal Joe Farrell was lying in cover when an enemy squad charged over his back. Grabbing a wounded sergeant, Farrell clambered onto a passing vehicle that ran the gauntlet. Those behind were less lucky.

The tanks were dismembered with pole charges. The last radio signal from Hussar Captain Donald Astley-Cooper, the armoured group’s commander was: “It’s bloody rough!” He was never heard from again.

McCord, in the rearguard, was loading dead onto a carrier when someone said: “You’re missing something.” He looked down and recoiled. the corps was headless.

Beneath a railway bridge the Chinese had placed a machine-gun. There was only one possible action. McCord and Sergeant Campbell assaulted through the position, knocking out the gun and clearing the route (both were subsequently decorated).

Out of the flashing darkness Support Company Commander Major John Shaw appeared. After yelling at McCord for smoking his pipe in combat. Shaw regrouped the survivors and led a charge through the blazing village and into the hills.

At dawn Shaw’s men crossed the Han River bridges just before they were blown. The burning capital was abandoned. Early on January 4 U.S. Forces Korea commander, General Matthew Ridgway, had raged at his subordinates for leaving the British.

The R.U.R. lost 157 men captured or killed. The artillery and Hussars lost 42 men and 10 tanks. The unit commanders, Blake and Astley-Cooper, were among the dead. All in one night.’

The Battalion continued to serve as part of the 29th Independent Infantry Brigade, and as such would later bear the brunt of the attack launched by three divisions of the Chinese 63rd Army at Imjin.

Having advanced to Sergeant, Campbell was posted to 22 S.A.S. Regiment at Singapore, in March 1953. He returned to serve with the 1st Battalion, R.U.R., in August 1953, and was discharged from the Army in 1961. Campbell died in the Royal Infirmary Chester in July 1975.

Sold with extensive copied research.